ABSTRACT
Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are two most important life-changing events. Post-partum depression can affect mother and has a wide spectrum of presentation depending upon various social factors. Studies suggest that the incidence of postnatal depression among women of high social strata is 13-19% while the incidence is 11-42% among women with limited social support. The present study aims to study postnatal depression and its causes in a postnatal mother in all the aspects of social, physical, cultural and psychiatric grounds in the Indian scenario with the help of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS).Methods: From 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019, a total 300 postnatal women between 1 to 6 weeks of the postpartum period participated and during their stay in the hospital responded to EPDS. The study was purposive sampling, and full consent of the study subjects was taken before the start of the study.Results: In this study, we found 20.1% of a woman affected by post-partum in South India. The higher percentage of severe depression was seen in the primary gravida (20%). The risk factors such as availability of postnatal care (with NICU admission), the woman with medical complications, late childbirth or delayed childbirth after marriage, multiparity, delivery via caesarean and nuclear family showed significant relationship (p<0.005) with depression.Conclusions: The present study, with a Post-natal depression of 20.1% along with the enumerated risk factors, suggest that the causes for postpartum depression (PPD) among working Indian woman, reflect a change to an urban-centric lifestyle. Further evaluation of these risk factors needs to be made and a routine screening of Postpartum depression (PPD) can help in improving maternal and child health.
ABSTRACT
Background: In India, many couples complete their families by the age of 25 to 30 years and opt for tubal sterilization as a method of family planning in spite of availability of other spacing methods. Due to unforeseen circumstances, 10 % of them regret their decision and about 1% want to restore their fertility due to various reasons like loss of only child, loss of male child, desire to have more children, loss of children in natural calamities, remarriage and other socioeconomic factors. The objective of the present study was to analyze various factors which are involved in pregnancy rate in tubal recanalization.Methods: 31 women undergoing microsurgical tubal recanalization by mini laparotomy in RRMCH, Bengaluru during a study period of 2 year from 2014 -2016 were followed up for a period of 2 years by telephonic conversation.Results: An overall 67.7 % pregnancy rate was achieved with microsurgery technique.Conclusions: The important factors determining the success of operation were age of the patient, method of previous ligation and the remaining length of tube after recanalization. The microsurgical technique should be available at specialized centres to improve the success of family planning services and also this could be the hope for hopeless.